Asian Journal of Probability and Statistics

Student performance has several elements, but most significant is the role the information and communication technology plays. The performance of students in modern education is quite different from the traditional method used over the past decades. ICT is a revolution and has indeed bridged the divided world of information into single entity; it has further enhanced the resourcefulness of students in various academic institutions around the globe. This study is a fact finding into the role of ICT as it relates to students performance in modern education and the traditional method of research in time past. University of Benin (Uniben) Post Graduate Students were used to solicit information required for the research decision. From the findings, it was observed that there is a significant difference between the users and non users of ICT facilities on academic activities. Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 as tabulated below shows the positive impact of ICT on student performance. The testing, t-test was 1.96 at 0.05 significance level, while the t-value was 4.677 and this to a large degree shows clear distinction to viability of the impact of ICT on the positive performance on students.   

The viability of a society depends largely on the learning outcome of its teenagers. Raising them can be challenging because modern society is embolden with information communication technology (ICT) that do not only isolate them from peers but create mental disorder in them. ICT is not an isolated entity rather an embodiment of deferent technologies that act as an entity to delivering and channeling information. To ascertain it tendency in primary school and its impact on adolescent, this paper reviewed the concept of ICT and carried out a survey on its usage among adolescent. The survey questionnaire was structured on five points scale and the feedbacks from hundred respondents were analyzed with Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). From the findings, it was showed that the tendency of ICT by both private and government primary school is indeed poor and its impact on adolescent is on the downward trend. The study offered some recommendations including the need for government to carry out a holistic review of the primary schools curriculum so as to accommodate ICT usage.

Developing countries, such as Malaysia, are in need of working women to help to improve the country's economy. Thus, it is of immense need for our economy to take into consideration the fact that where and how working women are spending or investing their funds. For appropriate utilization of funds, working women need to be financially literate. Financial literacy is the convergence of financial, credit and debt management and the knowledge that is necessary to make financially responsible decisions. This paper is conducted to assess the correlation between financial literacy and its component namely financial education, financial attitude, financial behavior and financial knowledge. Data processing of this study using a Pearson correlation coefficient and the sample size of 35 respondents which is working women in Universiti Utara Malaysia. A part from Pearson correlation coefficient, include descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages as a methid of data analysis employed in this study. The data are quantitatively analyzed through statistical software namely, Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0. The result indicates that financial literacy does not have a significant relationship with financial knowledge. However financial education, financial attitude and financial behavior together have a significant relationship with financial literacy.

One of the key problems arises in binary logistic regression model is that explanatory variables being considered for the logistic regression model are highly correlated among themselves. Multicollinearity will cause unstable estimates and inaccurate variances that affects confidence intervals and hypothesis tests. Aim of this was to discuss some diagnostic measurements to detect multicollinearity namely tolerance, Variance Inflation Factor (VIF), condition index and variance proportions. The adapted diagnostics are illustrated with data based on a study of road accidents. Secondary data used from 2014 to 2016 in this study were acquired from the Traffic Police headquarters, Colombo in Sri Lanka. The response variable is accident severity that consists of two levels particularly grievous and non-grievous. Multicolinearity is identified by correlation matrix, tolerance and VIF values and confirmed by condition index and variance proportions. The range of solutions available for logistic regression such as increasing sample size, dropping one of the correlated variables and combining variables into an index. It is safely concluded that without increasing sample size, to omit one of the correlated variables can reduce multicollinearity considerably.

There are numerous designs for fitting second order models that can be used in conjunction with the response surface methodology (RSM) technique in optimization processes, be it in agriculture, industries and so on. Some of the designs include the equiradial, Notz, San Cristobal, Koshal, Hoke, Central Composite and Factorial designs. However, RSM can only be applied in conjunction with a single design at a time. This research aimed at choosing a design out of the most widely employed designs for fitting 2^nd order models involving 3 factors for optimization of French beans in conjunction with the RSM technique. The most commonly used designs for second order models were first identified as Box-Behnken designs, Hoke D2 and Hoke D6 designs, 3^k factorial designs, CCD face centred, CCD rotatable and CCD spherical. Design matrices for these 7 designs were formed and augmented with 5 centre points (chosen through lottery methods), and information and optimal design matrices were formed. Then, for each design, the analysis of D-, A- E-, T- optimality (D-Determinant, A-Average Variance, E-Eigen Value and T-Trace) was carried out according to Pukelsheim’s definitions. The results were ranked for each criterion and the ranks corresponding to each design were averaged. The design chosen was Hoke D2 with the least average- 1.75. The Hoke D2 was found to be optimal in minimizing the variance of prediction and the most economical design among the seven. The findings are in agreement with other researchers and scientist that a design may be optimal in one criterion but fails in another criterion. Further, Hoke designs are in the class of the economical designs. It is recommended that more optimality criteria be applied and a wide range of designs be involved to see whether the results would still agree with these findings.